This paper investigates the capabilities of large language models (LLMs) in formulating and solving decision-making problems using mathematical programming. We first conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of recent literature to assess how well LLMs understand, structure, and solve optimization problems across domains. The analysis is guided by critical review questions focusing on learning approaches, dataset designs, evaluation metrics, and prompting strategies. Our systematic evidence is complemented by targeted experiments designed to evaluate the performance of state-of-the-art LLMs in automatically generating optimization models for problems in computer networks. Using a newly constructed dataset, we apply three prompting strategies: Act-as-expert, chain-of-thought, and self-consistency, and evaluate the obtained outputs based on optimality gap, token-level F1 score, and compilation accuracy. Results show promising progress in LLMs' ability to parse natural language and represent symbolic formulations, but also reveal key limitations in accuracy, scalability, and interpretability. These empirical gaps motivate several future research directions, including structured datasets, domain-specific fine-tuning, hybrid neuro-symbolic approaches, modular multi-agent architectures, and dynamic retrieval via chain-of-RAGs. This paper contributes a structured roadmap for advancing LLM capabilities in mathematical programming.

The proliferation of artificial intelligence provides an opportunity to create psychological spaciousness in society. Spaciousness is defined as the ability to hold diverse interpersonal interactions and forms the basis for vulnerability that leads to authenticity that leads to prosocial behaviors and thus to societal harmony. This paper demonstrates an attempt to quantify, the human conditioning to subconsciously modify authentic self-expression to fit the norms of the dominant culture. Gaze is explored across various marginalized and intersectional groups, using concepts from postmodern philosophy and psychology. The effects of gaze are studied through analyzing a few redacted Reddit posts, only to be discussed in discourse and not endorsement. A mathematical formulation for the Gaze Pressure Index (GPI)-Diff Composite Metric is presented to model the analysis of two sets of conversational spaces in relation to one another. The outcome includes an equation to train Large Language Models (LLMs) - the working mechanism of AI products such as Chat-GPT; and an argument for affirming and inclusive HCI, based on the equation, is presented. The argument is supported by a few principles of Neuro-plasticity, The brain's lifelong capacity to rewire.

We exploit the mathematical modeling of the visual cortex mechanism for border completion to define custom filters for CNNs. We see a consistent improvement in performance, particularly in accuracy, when our modified LeNet 5 is tested with occluded MNIST images. Keywords: Convolutional Neural Networks Visual Cortex 1 Introduction Visual perception has evolved as a fundamental tool for living organisms to extract information from their surroundings and adapt their behavior. However, encoding visual information presents several challenges. One major issue is occlusion, i.e. an object's outline is partially hidden by an obstacle.

Robotic grippers are the end effector in the robot system of handling any task which used for performing various operations for the purpose of industrial application and hazardous tasks.In this paper, we developed the mathematical model for multi fingers robotics grippers. we are concerned with Jamia'shand which is developed in Robotics Lab, Mechanical Engineering Deptt, Faculty of Engg & Technolgy, Jamia Millia Islamia, India. This is a tendon-driven gripper each finger having three DOF having a total of 11 DOF. The term tendon is widely used to imply belts, cables, or similar types of applications. It is made up of three fingers and a thumb. Every finger and thumb has one degree of freedom. The power transmission mechanism is a rope and pulley system. Both hands have similar structures. Aluminum from the 5083 families was used to make this product. The gripping force can be adjusted we have done the kinematics, force, and dynamic analysis by developing a Mathematical model for the four-finger robotics grippers and their thumb. we focused it control motions in X and Y Displacements with the angular positions movements and we make the force analysis of the four fingers and thumb calculate the maximum weight, force, and torque required to move it with mass. Draw the force -displacements graph which shows the linear behavior up to 250 N and shows nonlinear behavior beyond this. and required Dmin of wire is 0.86 mm for grasping the maximum 1 kg load also developed the dynamic model (using energy )approach lagrangian method to find it torque required to move the fingers.

Mathematical modeling involves representing real-world phenomena, systems, or problems using mathematical expressions and equations to analyze, understand, and predict their behavior. Given that this process typically requires experienced experts, there is an interest in exploring whether Large Language Models (LLMs) can undertake mathematical modeling to potentially decrease human labor. To evaluate of LLMs in mathematical modeling, we introduce a new benchmark, Mamo, that transcends traditional result-oriented assessments. Unlike conventional methods that primarily assess LLMs based on the accuracy of solutions to mathematical problems, our approach offers deeper insight into the modeling process itself. By focusing on the processes LLMs undertake rather than the correctness of their final solutions, Mamo pioneers a novel evaluation paradigm. This shift underscores the importance of understanding the inherent modeling capabilities of LLMs, paving the way for a more nuanced and comprehensive analysis of their problem-solving strategies. Our work marks a significant advancement in the field, suggesting a new direction for future research by emphasizing the evaluation of LLMs' modeling processes over the mere correctness of answers. This benchmark not only facilitates a better understanding of LLMs' mathematical modeling capabilities but also sets a new standard for evaluating their performance in complex problem-solving scenarios.

Creating products that rely on technologies such as machine learning comes with different considerations, risks and constraints than normal products. You're really excited about the new project at work. You are working with a team of your company's strongest engineers and scientists to develop a cool new product, which at its core is using a bespoke machine learning approach to deliver the outcomes. To make it concrete it could be a tool determining when to restock your retail stores and automatically planning the truck transportation, or it could be a new app helping your customers preview how your furniture would look in their home before buying, an automated fault-inspection system for your company's production line or something completely different. Everybody starts working on the project.

Importance of XAI in modern world Differentiation of glass box, white box and black box ML models Categorization of XAI on the basis of their scope, agnosticity, data types and explanation techniques Trade-off between accuracy and interpretability Application of InterpretML package from Microsoft to generate explanations of ML models Need of counterfactual and contrastive explanations Working principles and mathematical modeling of XAI techniques like LIME, SHAP, DiCE, LRP, counterfactual and contrastive explanationss Application of XAI techniques like LIME, SHAP, DiCE, LRP to generate explanations for black-box models for tabular, textual, and image datasets. Application of XAI techniques like LIME, SHAP, DiCE, LRP to generate explanations for black-box models for tabular, textual, and image datasets. This course provides detailed insights into the latest developments in Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI). Our reliance on artificial intelligence models is increasing day by day, and it's also becoming equally important to explain how and why AI makes a particular decision. Recent laws have also caused the urgency about explaining and defending the decisions made by AI systems.

This course provides detailed insights into the latest developments in Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI). Our reliance on artificial intelligence models is increasing day by day, and it's also becoming equally important to explain how and why AI makes a particular decision. Recent laws have also caused the urgency about explaining and defending the decisions made by AI systems. This course discusses tools and techniques using Python to visualize, explain, and build trustworthy AI systems. This course covers the working principle and mathematical modeling of LIME (Local Interpretable Model Agnostic Explanations), SHAP (SHapley Additive exPlanations) for generating local and global explanations.

Our reliance on artificial intelligence models is increasing day by day, and it's also becoming equally important to explain how and why AI This course provides detailed insights into the latest developments in Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI). Our reliance on artificial intelligence models is increasing day by day, and it's also becoming equally important to explain how and why AI makes a particular decision. Recent laws have also caused the urgency about explaining and defending the decisions made by AI systems. This course discusses tools and techniques using Python to visualize, explain, and build trustworthy AI systems. This course covers the working principle and mathematical modeling of LIME (Local Interpretable Model Agnostic Explanations), SHAP (SHapley Additive exPlanations) for generating local and global explanations.

Here, in two fMRI experiments, we demonstrate a mechanism of abstraction built upon the valuation of sensory features. Human volunteers learned novel association rules based on simple visual features. Reinforcement-learning algorithms revealed that, with learning, high-value abstract representations increasingly guided participant behaviour, resulting in better choices and higher subjective confidence. We also found that the brain area computing value signals – the ventromedial prefrontal cortex – prioritised and selected latent task elements during abstraction, both locally and through its connection to the visual cortex. Such a coding scheme predicts a causal role for valuation. Hence, in a second experiment, we used multivoxel neural reinforcement to test for the causality of feature valuation in the sensory cortex, as a mechanism of abstraction.